Disoriented animals rely on a geometry-only spatial module

Correct: B — Made systematic 'rotational' errors, treating geometrically equivalent corners as identical even when distinguishable by featural cues

Cheng (1986) trained rats to find food in one corner of a rectangular arena marked with distinctive colors, patterns, and odors at each corner. After disorientation, rats systematically searched both the correct corner and its diagonal opposite — the geometrically equivalent corner — even though featural cues unambiguously distinguished them. He argued for a 'geometric module' that encodes the metric shape of the space (which long and short walls form which angles) but is initially impenetrable to non-geometric information. Subsequent work in human children, fish, and chicks largely replicated the rotational-error pattern, and the geometric-module hypothesis remains a central debate in spatial cognition.