Smart and rational are separable abilities you can measure apart

Correct: B — Capture cognitive capacity but only a subset of the components of rational thought — separable 'mindware' and reflective dispositions add unique variance

Stanovich (2016) argued that intelligence tests primarily capture algorithmic-level processing capacity but largely miss two further components of rational thought: 'mindware' (acquired probabilistic, statistical, and logical rules) and reflective dispositions (the tendency to engage analytic processing rather than default to intuition). The CART assesses these separately across belief-bias, framing, base-rate neglect, probabilistic reasoning, and dispositional inventories. Findings show that high-IQ individuals can be smart but irrational ('dysrationalia'). The framework helped formalize why bias-correction training generalizes more from mindware than from raw reasoning ability.