Declarative memory rides on a four-region medial temporal network

Correct: C — Hippocampus together with the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices, jointly supporting declarative memory

Drawing on lesion data from monkeys and amnesic patients, Squire & Zola-Morgan (1991) defined the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system as a set of densely interconnected structures — hippocampus plus the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices — that jointly support declarative memory for facts and events. Damage to any component impairs new declarative learning, while procedural and skill memory remain spared. The framework reconciled the patient HM literature, monkey-lesion findings, and earlier hippocampus-only views, and remains the canonical anatomical account of conscious-recall memory in humans and other mammals.